Al-Shams
This sūrah was revealed in Mecca and consists of 15 verses. It explains that humans are hard-wired, through divine inspiration and teaching, to recognize virtue and vice. Their happiness depends on purifying their souls and fostering its growth by adorning themselves with Godwariness and cleansing themselves of wickedness. Otherwise, those who betray and neglect their soul will fail and be deprived of happiness. The chapter mentions the exterminating punishment that struck Thamūd when they denied their messenger Ṣāliḥ and slew his she-camel. The story is an indirect threat to the people of Mecca. The theme of the verses testifies that the chapter was revealed in Mecca.
This is the ʿAllāmah's introduction to the sūrah, from the opening of the commentary.